The influences of temperature, humidity, and O2 on electrical properties of graphene FETs

The influences of temperature, humidity, and O-2 to the gas sensing characteristics of graphene field effect transistors (FETs) have been studied as these environmental factors are often encountered in practical gas sensing applications. Both empirical results and theoretical analyses are characterized for heated graphene FET gas sensors from room temperature to 100 degrees C under a wide range of applied gate voltages. It is found that at a constant applied gate voltage of -20 V with respect to the gate voltage at the neutrality point, the sensitivity of the device to humidity decreases; while the sensitivity to O-2 decreases first, and increases afterwards as the operation temperature increases. These phenomena are explained by using the physisorption and chemisorption models between gases and the graphene surface. Furthermore, devices operate in the hole regime (the majority carrier is hole in the prototype devices) result in lower sensitivity to humidity and O-2 as compared to those results of gas sensors operating in the electron regime due to the p-type doping effects of moisture and O-2. As such, this work provides good foundations for graphene-based FET gas sensors in practical application environments under the influences of ambient air, temperature, and humidity.