Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE, VOL 67
Volume 67, Issue -, Pages 73-89Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-111314-035900
Keywords
epigenetics; DNA methyltransferase inhibitor; histone deacetylase inhibitor therapy
Categories
Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA006973, R01 CA185357, K23 CA127141] Funding Source: Medline
- NIEHS NIH HHS [ES011858, R01 ES011858] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE [K23CA127141, P30CA006973, R01CA185357] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES [R01ES011858] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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The past 15 years have seen an explosion of discoveries related to the cellular regulation of phenotypes through epigenetic mechanisms. This regulation provides a software that packages DNA, without changing the primary base sequence, to establish heritable patterns of gene expression. In cancer, many aspects of the epigenome, controlled by DNA methylation, chromatin, and nucleosome positioning, are altered as one means by which tumor cells maintain abnormal states of self-renewal at the expense of normal maturation. Epigenetic and genetic abnormalities thus collaborate in cancer initiation and progression, as exemplified by frequent mutations in genes encoding proteins that control the epigenome. There is growing emphasis on using epigenetic therapies to reprogram neoplastic cells toward a normal state. Many agents targeting epigenetic regulation are under development and entering clinical trials. This review highlights the promise that epigenetic therapy, often in combination with other therapies, will become a potent tool for cancer management over the next decade.
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