Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY, VOL 34
Volume 34, Issue -, Pages 609-633Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-095948
Keywords
adipose tissue; metabolism; skeletal muscle; tissue repair; mucosal immunology; microbiota
Categories
Funding
- NIAID NIH HHS [R37 AI051530, R01 AI051530] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK092541] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [R01AI051530, R37AI051530] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES [R01DK092541] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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The immune system is responsible for defending an organism against the myriad of microbial invaders it constantly confronts. It has become increasingly clear that the immune system has a second major function: the maintenance of organismal homeostasis. Foxp3(+) CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important contributors to both of these critical activities, defense being the primary purview of Tregs circulating through lymphoid organs, and homeostasis ensured mainly by their counterparts residing in parenchymal tissues. This review focuses on so-called tissue Tregs. We first survey existing information on the phenotype, function, sustaining factors, and human equivalents of the three best-characterized tissue-Treg populations-those operating in visceral adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the colonic lamina propria. We then attempt to distill general principles from this body of work-as concerns the provenance, local adaptation, molecular sustenance, and targets of action of tissue Tregs, in particular.
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