Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY, VOL 34
Volume 34, Issue -, Pages 265-297Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-041015-055420
Keywords
MHC class II; polymorphism; autoimmunity; antigen presentation; cathepsins; inhibitors; processing; HLA
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MHC class II (MHC-II) molecules are critical in the control of many immune responses. They are also involved in most autoimmune diseases and other pathologies. Here, we describe the biology of MHC-II and MHC-II variations that affect immune responses. We discuss the classic cell biology of MHC-II and various perturbations. Proteolysis is a major process in the biology of MHC-II, and we describe the various components forming and controlling this endosomal proteolytic machinery. This process ultimately determines the MHC-II-presented peptidome, including cryptic peptides, modified peptides, and other peptides that are relevant in autoimmune responses. MHC-II also variable in expression, glycosylation, and turnover. We illustrate that MHC-II is variable not only in amino acids (polymorphic) but also in its biology, with consequences for both health and disease.
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