Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENETICS, VOL 50
Volume 50, Issue -, Pages 175-210Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-120215-035111
Keywords
meiosis; homologous recombination; crossover designation
Categories
Funding
- Div Of Biological Infrastructure [1428922] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD041012, R56 HD041012, P50 HD076210] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM097263] Funding Source: Medline
- EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT [R01HD041012, P50HD076210] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH &HUMAN DEVELOPMENT [R56HD041012] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [R01GM097263] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Meiosis, the mechanism of creating haploid gametes, is a complex cellular process observed across sexually reproducing organisms. Fundamental to meiosis is the process of homologous recombination, whereby DNA double-strand breaks are introduced into the genome and are subsequently repaired to generate either noncrossovers or crossovers. Although homologous recombination is essential for chromosome pairing during prophase I, the resulting crossovers are critical for maintaining homolog interactions and enabling accurate segregation at the first meiotic division. Thus, the placement, timing, and frequency of crossover formation must be exquisitely controlled. In this review, we discuss the proteins involved in crossover formation, the process of their formation and designation, and the rules governing crossovers, all within the context of the important landmarks of prophase I. We draw together crossover designation data across organisms, analyze their evolutionary divergence, and propose a universal model for crossover regulation.
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