Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY, VOL 85
Volume 85, Issue -, Pages 319-347Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014844
Keywords
RNA polymerase; intrinsic termination; RNA hairpin; Rho-dependent termination; NusG; H-NS
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Funding
- NIGMS NIH HHS [R37 GM038660, R01 GM038660] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [R01GM038660, R37GM038660] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Transcript termination is essential for accurate gene expression and the removal of RNA polymerase (RNAP) at the ends of transcription units. In bacteria, two mechanisms are responsible for proper transcript termination: intrinsic termination and Rho-dependent termination. Intrinsic termination is mediated by signals directly encoded within the DNA template and nascent RNA, whereas Rho-dependent termination relies upon the adenosine triphosphate-dependent RNA translocase Rho, which binds nascent RNA and dissociates the elongation complex. Although significant progress has been made in understanding these pathways, fundamental details remain undetermined. Among those that remain unresolved are the existence of an inactivated intermediate in the intrinsic termination pathway, the role of Rho-RNAP interactions in Rho-dependent termination, and the mechanisms by which accessory factors and nucleoid-associated proteins affect termination. We describe current knowledge, discuss key outstanding questions, and highlight the importance of defining the structural rearrangements of RNAP that are involved in the two mechanisms of transcript termination.
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