Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY, VOL 85
Volume 85, Issue -, Pages 543-572Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014520
Keywords
alternating-access mechanisms; membrane proteins; secondary transporters; structural dynamics; elevator model; rocking-bundle model
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The determination of the crystal structures of small-molecule transporters has shed light on the conformational changes that take place during structural isomerization from outward-to inward-facing states. Rather than using a simple rocking movement of two bundles around a central substrate-binding site, it has become clear that even the most simplistic transporters utilize rearrangements of nonrigid bodies. In the most dramatic cases, one bundle is fixed while the other, structurally divergent, bundle carries the substrate some 18 angstrom across the membrane, which in this review is termed an elevator alternating-access mechanism. Here, we compare and contrast rocker-switch, rocking-bundle, and elevator alternating-access mechanisms to highlight shared features and novel refinements to the basic alternating-access model.
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