Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY, VOL 85
Volume 85, Issue -, Pages 659-683Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014528
Keywords
cell division; cytoskeleton; microtubule; microtubule-associated protein; microtubule nucleation; gamma-tubulin ring complex
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Funding
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [R00GM100013] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NIGMS NIH HHS [DP2 GM123493, R00 GM100013] Funding Source: Medline
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Life depends on cell proliferation and the accurate segregation of chromosomes, which are mediated by the microtubule (MT)-based mitotic spindle and similar to 200 essential MT-associated proteins. Yet, a mechanistic understanding of how the mitotic spindle is assembled and achieves chromosome segregation is still missing. This is mostly due to the density of MTs in the spindle, which presumably precludes their direct observation. Recent insight has been gained into the molecular building plan of the metaphase spindle using bulk and single-molecule measurements combined with computational modeling. MT nucleation was uncovered as a key principle of spindle assembly, and mechanistic details about MT nucleation pathways and their coordination are starting to be revealed. Lastly, advances in studying spindle assembly can be applied to address the molecular mechanisms of how the spindle segregates chromosomes.
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