Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 9
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages 163-181Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041446
Keywords
biosensor; monolayers; binding affinity; charge transfer; functional nucleic acid
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Funding
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [T32GM066706] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH [R21MH101692] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM066706] Funding Source: Medline
- NIMH NIH HHS [R21 MH101692] Funding Source: Medline
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The development of structure-switching, electrochemical, aptamer-based sensors over the past similar to 10 years has led to a variety of reagentless sensors capable of analytical detection in a range of sample matrices. The crux of this methodology is the coupling of target-induced conformation changes of a redox-labeled aptamer with electrochemical detection of the resulting altered charge transfer rate between the redox molecule and electrode surface. Using aptamer recognition expands the highly sensitive detection ability of electrochemistry to a range of previously inaccessible analytes. In this review, we focus on the methods of sensor fabrication and how sensor signaling is affected by fabrication parameters. We then discuss recent studies addressing the fundamentals of sensor signaling as well as quantitative characterization of the analytical performance of electrochemical aptamer-based sensors. Although the limits of detection of reported electrochemical aptamer-based sensors do not often reach that of gold-standard methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, the operational convenience of the sensor platform enables exciting analytical applications that we address. Using illustrative examples, we highlight recent advances in the field that impact important areas of analytical chemistry. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects for this class of sensors.
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