Journal
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
Volume 224, Issue -, Pages 104-118Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2019.01.023
Keywords
Atmospheric correction; Ocean color; Landsat-8; Sentinel-2; Mississippi River; Amazon River; Columbia River; Turbid waters; Inland waters; Remote Sensing
Funding
- NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [12/51187-0, 2014/21564-2]
- NSF Ecosystem Studies [1256724]
- U.S.G.S LandCarbon Program
- Achievement Rewards for College Scientists
- Integral Environmental Big Data Research Fund
- NASA ROSES [NNX16AI16G]
- USGS Landsat Science Team Award [140G0118C0011]
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [12/51187-0] Funding Source: FAPESP
- NASA [NNX16AI16G, 902968] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
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Rivers and other freshwater systems play a crucial role in ecosystems, industry, transportation and agriculture. Despite the > 40 years of inland water observations made possible by optical remote sensing, a standardized reflectance product for inland waters is yet forthcoming. The aim of this work is to compare the standard USGS land surface reflectance product to two Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 aquatic remote sensing reflectance products over the Amazon, Columbia and Mississippi rivers. Landsat-8 reflectance products from all three routines are then evaluated for their comparative performance in retrieving chlorophyll-a and turbidity in reference to ship borne, underway in situ validation measurements. The land surface product shows the best agreement (4% Mean Absolute Percent Difference) with field measurements of radiometry collected on the Amazon River and generates 36% higher reflectance values in the visible bands compared to aquatic methods (ACOLITE and SeaDAS) with larger differences between land and aquatic products observed in Sentinel-2 (0.01 sr(-1)) compared to Landsat-8 (0.001 sr(-1)). Choice of atmospheric correction routine can bias Landsat-8 retrievals of chlorophyll-a and turbidity by as much as 59% and 35% respectively. Using a more restrictive time window for matching in situ and satellite imagery can reduce differences by 5-31% depending on correction technique. This work highlights the challenges of satellite retrievals over rivers and underscores the need for future optical and biogeochemical research aimed at improving our understanding of the absorbing and scattering properties of river water and their relationships to remote sensing reflectance.
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