Journal
PROTEIN JOURNAL
Volume 38, Issue 3, Pages 351-362Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10930-019-09835-6
Keywords
Peroxin; Peroxisome; Protein import; Protein targeting; Alternative import pathways
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Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [FOR1905]
- EU Marie Curie Initial Training Networks (ETN) program PerICo [812968]
- Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [812968] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)
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Blobel and coworkers discovered in 1978 that peroxisomal proteins are synthesized on free ribosomes in the cytosol and thus provided the grounds for the conception of peroxisomes as self-containing organelles. Peroxisomes are highly adaptive and versatile organelles carrying out a wide variety of metabolic functions. A striking feature of the peroxisomal import machinery is that proteins can traverse the peroxisomal membrane in a folded and even oligomeric state via cycling receptors. We outline essential steps of peroxisomal matrix protein import, from targeting of the proteins to the peroxisomal membrane, their translocation via transient pores and export of the corresponding cycling import receptors with emphasis on the situation in yeast. Peroxisomes can contribute to the adaptation of cells to different environmental conditions. This is realized by changes in metabolic functions and thus the enzyme composition of the organelles is adoptedaccording to the cellular needs. In recent years, it turned out that this organellar diversity is based on an elaborate regulation of gene expression and peroxisomal protein import. The latter is in the focus of this review that summarizes our knowledge on the composition and function of the peroxisomal protein import machinery with emphasis on novel alternative protein import pathways.
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