Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
Volume 122, Issue 18, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.188004
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Funding
- WPI, MEXT, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [16H04025, 17K14369, 18K13464]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [18K13464] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Turbulence is ubiquitous in nonequilibrium systems, and it has been noted that even dense granular flows exhibit characteristics that arc typical of turbulent flow, such as the power-law energy spectrum. However, studies on the turbulentlike behavior of granular flows are limited to two-dimensional (2D) flow. We demonstrate that the statistics in three-dimensional (3D) flow are qualitatively different from those in 2D flow. We also elucidate that avalanche dynamics can explain this dimensionality dependence. Moreover, we define clusters of collectively moving particles that arc equivalent to vortex filaments. The clusters unveil complicated structures in 3D flows that are absent in 2D flows.
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