Journal
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
Volume 377, Issue 2145, Pages -Publisher
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0384
Keywords
femtosecond X-ray; X-ray free-electron laser; attosecond pulses; synchrotron; high-order harmonic generation; laser-driven plasma X-ray source
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Funding
- US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DEAC02-76SF00515]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [WO 558/13-2]
- US National Science Foundation
- US Department of Energy
- Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency
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Over more than a century, X-rays have transformed our understanding of the fundamental structure of matter and have been an indispensable tool for chemistry, physics, biology, materials science and related fields. Recent advances in ultrafast X-ray sources operating in the femtosecond to attosecond regimes have opened an important new frontier in X-ray science. These advances now enable: (i) sensitive probing of structural dynamics in matter on the fundamental timescales of atomic motion, (ii) element-specific probing of electronic structure and charge dynamics on fundamental timescales of electronic motion, and (iii) powerful new approaches for unravelling the coupling between electronic and atomic structural dynamics that underpin the properties and function of matter. Most notable is the recent realization of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) with numerous new XFEL facilities in operation or under development worldwide. Advances in XFELs are complemented by advances in synchrotron-based and table-top laser-plasma X-ray sources now operating in the femtosecond regime, and laser-based high-order harmonic XUV sources operating in the attosecond regime. This article is part of the theme issue 'Measurement of ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics with X-rays'.
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