Journal
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
Volume 377, Issue 2143, Pages -Publisher
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0206
Keywords
freckle defect formation; Ga-In alloy; convective transport
Categories
Funding
- University of Greenwich
- EPSRC [EP/K011413/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Ask authors/readers for more resources
The fundamental mechanisms governing macroscopic freckle defect formation during directional solidification are studied experimentally in a Hele-Shaw cell for a low-melting point Ga-25 wt.% In alloy and modelled numerically in three dimensions using a microscopic parallelized Cellular Automata Lattice Boltzmann Method. The size and distribution of freckles (long solute channels, or chimneys) are shown to be strongly dependent on the thermal profile of the casting, with flat, concave and convex isotherms being considered. For the flat isotherm case, no large-scale freckles form, while for concave or convex isotherms, large freckles appear but in different locations. The freckle formation mechanism is as expected buoyancy-driven, but the chimney stability, its long-term endurance and its location are shown to depend critically on the detailed convective transport through the inter-dendritic region. Flow is generated by curved isopleths of solute concentration. As solute density is different from that of the bulk fluid, gravity causes 'uphill' or 'downhill' lateral flow from the sample centre to the edges through the mush, feeding the freckle. An excellent agreement is obtained between the numerical model and real-time X-ray observations of a solidifying sample under strictly controlled temperature conditions. This article is part of the theme issue 'Heterogeneous materials: metastable and non-ergodic internal structures'.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available