Journal
OPTICS EXPRESS
Volume 27, Issue 10, Pages 14163-14172Publisher
OPTICAL SOC AMER
DOI: 10.1364/OE.27.014163
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [61875047]
- Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China [YQ2019F006]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- Heilongjiang Province Postdoctoral Foundation [LBH-Q18052]
- US National Science Foundation (NSF) ERC MIRTHE award
- NSF NeTS large ASTRO award [R3H685]
- Welch Foundation [C-0586]
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In this paper, a multi-pass retro-reflection-cavity-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) based gas sensor is reported for the first time. The multi-pass retro-reflection-cavity consisted of two right-angle prisms and was designed to reflect the laser beam to pass through the photoacoustic (PA) cell four times, which improved the acetylene (C2H2)-PAS sensor signal level significantly. The optical power of a near-infrared distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser emitting a continuous wave (CW) was amplified to 1000 mV with an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. The background noise was reduced with wavelength modulation spectroscopy (VMS) and 2nd harmonic demodulation techniques. The linear optical power and concentration response of such a PAS sensor were investigated, and the experimental results showed excellent characteristics. When the integration the time of the sensor system was set to 1 s, the minimum detection limit (MDL) for C2H2 detection was 8.17 ppb, which corresponds to a normalised noise equivalent absorption coefficient (NNEA) of 1.84 x 10(-8) cm(-1) W/root Hz. The long-term stability of such a multi-pass retro-reflection-cavity-enhanced PAS based C2H2 sensor was evaluated by an Allan deviation analysis. It was demonstrated that the multi-pass retro-reflection-cavity-enhanced PAS sensor had an excellent stability. An MDL of 600 ppt was achieved when the integration time was set to similar to 1000 s. It was verified that the method of multi-pass retro-reflection-cavity-enhanced PAS with an amplified laser source improved the sensor performance significantly. If an appropriate cavity design with increasing reflection times is used, the MDL of such a PAS-based sensor can be further improved. (C) 2019 Optical Society of Arierica under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement
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