Journal
NATURE MEDICINE
Volume 25, Issue 5, Pages 716-729Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0439-x
Keywords
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Funding
- Strauss Institute
- Gilead Sciences International Research Scholars Program in Liver Disease
- Crown Human Genome Center
- Else Kroener Fresenius Foundation
- European Research Council
- Israel Science Foundation
- Abisch Frenkel Foundation for the Promotion of Life Sciences
- Gurwin Family Fund for Scientific Research
- Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust
- Crown Endowment Fund for Immunological Research
- Benoziyo Endowment Fund for the Advancement of Science
- Adelis Foundation
- Marie Curie Integration grant
- German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development
- Minerva Foundation
- Rising Tide Foundation
- Helmholtz Foundation
- European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes
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Consumption of over-the-counter probiotics for promotion of health and well-being has increased worldwide in recent years. However, although probiotic use has been greatly popularized among the general public, there are conflicting clinical results for many probiotic strains and formulations. Emerging insights from microbiome research enable an assessment of gut colonization by probiotics, strain-level activity, interactions with the indigenous microbiome, safety and impacts on the host, and allow the association of probiotics with physiological effects and potentially useful medical indications. In this Perspective, we highlight key advances, challenges and limitations in striving toward an unbiased interpretation of the large amount of data regarding over-the-counter probiotics, and propose avenues to improve the quality of evidence, transparency, public awareness and regulation of their use.
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