Journal
NATURE GENETICS
Volume 51, Issue 5, Pages 865-+Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0402-2
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Funding
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops
- NSFs of China [U1705233, 31601337, 31701463]
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2008DFA31450, 2013AA102602-5]
- Department of Science and Technology of Fujian [2008J1003]
- Indian council of Agriculture Research, National Agricultural Science Funds, Government of India, Government of India
- CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals
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High oil and protein content make tetraploid peanut a leading oil and food legume. Here we report a high-quality peanut genome sequence, comprising 2.54 Gb with 20 pseudomolecules and 83,709 protein-coding gene models. We characterize gene functional groups implicated in seed size evolution, seed oil content, disease resistance and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The peanut B subgenome has more genes and general expression dominance, temporally associated with long-terminal-repeat expansion in the A subgenome that also raises questions about the A-genome progenitor. The polyploid genome provided insights into the evolution of Arachis hypogaea and other legume chromosomes. Resequencing of 52 accessions suggests that independent domestications formed peanut ecotypes. Whereas 0.42-0.47 million years ago (Ma) polyploidy constrained genetic variation, the peanut genome sequence aids mapping and candidate-gene discovery for traits such as seed size and color, foliar disease resistance and others, also providing a cornerstone for functional genomics and peanut improvement.
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