Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 19, Issue 6, Pages 3811-3820Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00955
Keywords
Composite electrodes; lithitation heterogeneities; Si electrodes; X-ray diffraction computed tomography; XRD-CT; high-speed XRD
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Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC36-08GO28303]
- U.S. Department of Energy Vehicle Technology Office
- Vehicle Technologies Office of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
- European Union [679933]
- ISCF Faraday Challenge Fast Start project [EP/S003053/1]
- Royal Academy of Engineering
- EPSRC [EP/S003053/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Optimizing the chemical and morphological parameters of lithium-ion (Li-ion) electrodes is extremely challenging, due in part to the absence of techniques to construct spatial and temporal descriptions of chemical and morphological heterogeneities. We present the first demonstration of combined high-speed X-ray diffraction (XRD) and XRD computed tomography (XRD-CT) to probe, in 3D, crystallographic heterogeneities within Li-ion electrodes with a spatial resolution of 1 mu m. The local charge-transfer mechanism within and between individual particles was investigated in a silicon(Si)-graphite composite electrode. High-speed XRD revealed charge balancing kinetics between the graphite and Si during the minutes following the transition from operation to open circuit. Subparticle lithiation heterogeneities in both Si and graphite were observed using XRD-CT, where the core and shell structures were segmented, and their respective diffraction patterns were characterized.
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