Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 19, Issue 6, Pages 3603-3611Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00583
Keywords
Bacterial cellulose; embedded 3D printing; sacrificial 3D printing; microphysiological systems; vascularization; breast cancer
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [K99CA201603, R00CA201603, R21EB025270, R21EB026175, R01EB028143]
- Brigham Research Institute
- New England Anti-Vivisection Society
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81503025]
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Due to the combined advantages of cellulose and nanoscale (diameter 20-60 nm), bacterial cellulose possesses a series of attractive features including its natural origin, moderate biosynthesis process, good biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness. Moreover, bacterial cellulose nanofibers can be conveniently processed into three-dimensional (3D) intertwined structures and form stable paper devices after simple drying. These advantages make it suitable as the material for construction of organ-on-a-chip devices using matrix-assisted sacrificial 3D printing. We successfully fabricated various microchannel structures embedded in the bulk bacterial cellulose hydrogels and retained their integrity after the drying process. Interestingly, these paper-based devices containing hollow microchannels could be rehydrated and populated with relevant cells to form vascularized tissue models. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we seeded human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) into the microchannels to obtain the vasculature and inoculated the MCF-7 cells onto the surrounding matrix of the paper device to build a 3D paper-based vascularized breast tumor model. The results showed that the microchannels were perfusable, and both HUVECs and MCF-7 cells exhibited favorable proliferation behaviors. This study may provide a new strategy for constructing simple and low-cost in vitro tissue models, which may find potential applications in drug screening and personalized medicine.
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