Alkaline Extraction, Structural Characterization, and Bioactivities of (16)--d-Glucan from Lentinus edodes

The purpose of this study is to develop a robust approach to obtain glucans from Lentinus edodes and to characterize their structural and biological properties for sustainable utilization. The alkali extraction was optimized with an orthogonal experimental design, and a concise process for obtaining specific targeting polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes was developed in this study. After purification with a Q-Sepharose Fast Flow strong anion-exchange column, the monosaccharide composition, a methylation analysis, and NMR spectroscopy were employed for their structural characterizations. LeP-N2 was found to be composed of (16)--d-glucans with minor -(13) glucosidic side chains. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and high-performance gel permeation chromatography-refractive index-multi-angle laser light scattering (HPGPC-RI-MALLS) also revealed LeP-N2 exhibiting a compact unit in aqueous solution. This (16)--d-glucan was tested for antioxidant activities with IC50 at 157 g/mL. Moreover, RAW 264.7 macrophage activation indicated that the release of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were markedly increased with no cytotoxicity at a dose of 100 g/mL. These findings suggest that the (16)--d-glucans obtained from Lentinus edodes could serve as potential agents in the fields of functional foods or medicine.