Journal
MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE
Volume 69, Issue -, Pages 93-106Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.05.001
Keywords
Gut microbiome; Colorectal cancer; Colon; Microbiota
Funding
- COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology), COST Action [CA17118]
- Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness (MEIC) [SEV-2012-0208, BFU2015-67107]
- CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya
- Catalan Research Agency (AGAUR) [SGR857]
- European Union [ERC-2016-724173]
- Instituto Nacional de Bioinformatica (INB) [PT17/0009/0023]
- Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant [H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014-642095]
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The gastrointestinal tract harbors most of the microbiota associated with humans. In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in assessing the relationships between the gut microbiota and several gut alterations, including colorectal cancer. Changes in the gut microbiota in patients suffering colorectal cancer suggest a possible role of host-microbe interactions in the origin and development of this malignancy and, at the same time, open the door for novel ways of preventing, diagnosing, or treating this disease. In this review we survey current knowledge on the healthy microbiome of the gut and how it is altered in colorectal cancer and other related disease conditions. In describing past studies we will critically assess technical limitations of different approaches and point to existing challenges in microbiome research. We will have a special focus on host-microbiome interaction mechanisms that may be important to explain how dysbiosis can lead to chronic inflammation and drive processes that influence carcinogenesis and tumor progression in colon cancer. Finally, we will discuss the potential of recent developments of novel microbiota-based therapeutics and diagnostic tools for colorectal cancer.
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