Journal
MEDICINAL RESEARCH REVIEWS
Volume 40, Issue 1, Pages 27-53Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/med.21595
Keywords
aggregation-induced emission; diagnosis; drug delivery; photodynamic therapy; restriction of intramolecular motion
Categories
Funding
- Nature Science Foundation of Liaoning Province [20170540842]
- National Science and Technology Major Project [2017ZX09101001]
- Science and Technology Innovation Projects for Young and Middle-aged Talents of Shenyang [RC180261]
- Program for Liaoning Innovative Talents in University [LR2017043]
- Basic Research Projects of Universities of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education [2017LQN02]
- Career Development Support Plan for Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Shenyang Pharmaceutical University [ZQN2016005]
- National Nature Science Foundation of China [81502993]
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Fluorescence imaging is a promising visualization tool and possesses the advantages of in situ response and facile operation; thus, it is widely exploited for bioassays. However, traditional fluorophores suffer from concentration limits because they are always quenched when they aggregate, which impedes applications, especially for trace analysis and real-time monitoring. Recently, novel molecules with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics were developed to solve the problems encountered when using traditional organic dyes, because these new molecules exhibit weak or even no fluorescence when they are in free movement states but emit intensely upon the restriction of intramolecular motions. Inspired by the excellent performances of AIE molecules, a substantial number of AIE-based probes have been designed, synthesized, and applied to various fields to fulfill diverse detection tasks. According to numerous experiments, AIE probes are more practical than traditional fluorescent probes, especially when used in bioassays. To bridge bioimaging and materials engineering, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the development of AIE bioprobes. It begins with a summary of mechanisms of the AIE phenomenon. Then, the strategies to realize accurate detection using AIE probes are discussed. In addition, typical examples of AIE-active materials applied in diagnosis, treatment, and nanocarrier tracking are presented. In addition, some challenges are put forward to inspire more ideas in the promising field of AIE-active materials.
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