Journal
JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 16, Issue 9, Pages 2045-2053Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01677-4
Keywords
Esterification reaction; Butyl levulinate; Levulinic acid; Solid acid catalyst; KIT-6
Categories
Funding
- Isfahan University of Technology (I.R. IRAN)
Ask authors/readers for more resources
The catalytic activity of propylsulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous silica (KIT-SO3H) was compared to the performance of alumina-incorporated KIT-6 (Al-KIT-6) in the esterification reaction of the biomass-derived levulinic acid with n-butanol. The catalysts were prepared by functionalization of the silica support with propylsulfonic acid (Pr-SO3H) by post-synthesis grafting using 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane as a propyl-thiol precursor followed by oxidation. In addition, Al-KIT-6 was synthesized according to in situ synthesis. Catalysts were characterized using various techniques such as XRD, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, SEM, TGA, ICP-OES, FT-IR and elemental analysis. It is evident that increases in catalyst loading, butyl alcohol-to-levulinic acid ratio and reaction temperature significantly enhance the butyl levulinate yield. The reusability and stability of catalysts were evaluated, and it was found that while esterification reaction by KIT-SO3H compound catalyzed under milder conditions, the stability of Al-KIT-6 catalyst was better.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available