Journal
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION
Volume 115, Issue 530, Pages 501-520Publisher
AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC
DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2019.1611582
Keywords
Bayesian smoothing; Brain imaging; Integrated nested Laplace approximation; Spatial statistics; Stochastic partial differential equation
Categories
Funding
- 16 NIH Institutes and Centers [1U54MH091657]
- McDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience at Washington University
- NIH from the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering [P41 EB015909, R01 EB016061, R01 EB027119]
- PSC-CUNY Research Award [67192-00 45]
- Swedish Research Council [2016-04187]
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Cortical surface functional magnetic resonance imaging (cs-fMRI) has recently grown in popularity versus traditional volumetric fMRI. In addition to offering better whole-brain visualization, dimension reduction, removal of extraneous tissue types, and improved alignment of cortical areas across subjects, it is also more compatible with common assumptions of Bayesian spatial models. However, as no spatial Bayesian model has been proposed for cs-fMRI data, most analyses continue to employ the classical general linear model (GLM), a massive univariate approach. Here, we propose a spatial Bayesian GLM for cs-fMRI, which employs a class of sophisticated spatial processes to model latent activation fields. We make several advances compared with existing spatial Bayesian models for volumetric fMRI. First, we use integrated nested Laplacian approximations, a highly accurate and efficient Bayesian computation technique, rather than variational Bayes. To identify regions of activation, we utilize an excursions set method based on the joint posterior distribution of the latent fields, rather than the marginal distribution at each location. Finally, we propose the first multi-subject spatial Bayesian modeling approach, which addresses a major gap in the existing literature. The methods are very computationally advantageous and are validated through simulation studies and two task fMRI studies from the Human Connectome Project. for this article, including a standardized description of the materials available for reproducing the work, are available as an online supplement.
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