Journal
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
Volume 70, Issue 15, Pages 4011-4026Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz163
Keywords
Amino acid composition; defence gene expression; electrical penetration graph (EPG); Hordeum spontaneum; partial resistance; Rhopalosiphum padi; Sitobion avenae; Utamphorophora humboldti
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Funding
- James Hutton Institute
- University of Aberdeen through a Scottish Food Security Alliance (Crops)
- University of Dundee through a Scottish Food Security Alliance (Crops)
- Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division
- European Research Council [310190-APHIDHOST]
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Aphids, including the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi), are significant agricultural pests. The wild relative of barley, Hordeum spontaneum 5 (Hsp5), has been described to be partially resistant to R. padi, with this resistance proposed to involve higher thionin and lipoxygenase gene expression. However, the specificity of this resistance to aphids and its underlying mechanistic processes are unknown. In this study, we assessed the specificity of Hsp5 resistance to aphids and analysed differences in aphid probing and feeding behaviour on Hsp5 and a susceptible barley cultivar (Concerto). We found that partial resistance in Hsp5 to R. padi extends to two other aphid pests of grasses. Using the electrical penetration graph technique, we show that partial resistance is mediated by phloem- and mesophyll-based resistance factors that limit aphid phloem ingestion. To gain insight into plant traits responsible for partial resistance, we compared non-glandular trichome density, defence gene expression, and phloem composition of Hsp5 with those of the susceptible barley cultivar Concerto. We show that Hsp5 partial resistance involves elevated basal expression of thionin and phytohormone signalling genes, and a reduction in phloem quality. This study highlights plant traits that may contribute to broad-spectrum partial resistance to aphids in barley.
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