Journal
JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
Volume 48, Issue 8, Pages 4987-4996Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11664-019-07292-6
Keywords
Multifunctional composites; barium titanate; zinc oxide; microstructure
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Funding
- Department of Defense, Southern California Edison
- Lyles College of Engineering Graduate Sponsorship Program
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Piezoelectric and electroactive composites are being investigated as a generation of self-powered energy harvesting devices for a wide range of applications. More specifically, three-phase piezoelectric composites are capable of maintaining high reliability, durability, and sensitivity, all while being economically feasible and nontoxic. In addition, three-phase composites can be tailored towards multifunctional applications depending on which material is incorporated as the third phase. The criteria that govern the applicability of these composites depend upon their electromechanical properties such as their impedance, resistivity, conductivity, and dielectric constant. Therefore, the present work involved fabrication of barium titanate-epoxy-zinc oxide (BT-Ep-ZnO) multifunctional composites, and study of the variation of their electron transport properties. The volume fraction of BT was held constant at 0.40, while the volume fraction of ZnO was varied from 0.01 to 0.10. The dipoles of the electroactive phases were aligned using a contactless corona plasma discharge poling technique. The impedance, resistance, conductance, and capacitance were measured over the frequency range from 20Hz to 10MHz. The geometry of the composites was measured and used to normalize the data by calculating the resistivity, conductivity, and dielectric constant. The piezoelectric strain coefficients, d(33) and d(31), were measured using a piezometer at frequency of 110Hz. The fractured surface morphology and distribution of the particles were observed by scanning electron microscopy.
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