Journal
BIOLOGY OF BLOOD AND MARROW TRANSPLANTATION
Volume 21, Issue 3, Pages 454-459Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.11.007
Keywords
Acute myeloid leukemia; Relapse; Allogeneic transplantation; Donor lymphocyte infusion; Second transplantation
Categories
Funding
- Public Health Service Grant from National Cancer Institute [U24-CA076518]
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- NHLBI [5U10HL069294]
- NCI
- Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA/DHHS) [HHSH250201200016C]
- Office of Naval Research [N00014-12-1-0142, N00014-13-1-0039]
- Actinium Pharmaceuticals
- Allos Therapeutics, Inc.
- Amgen, Inc.
- Ariad
- Be the Match Foundation
- Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association
- Celgene Corporation
- Chimerix, Inc.
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
- Fresenius-Biotech North America, Inc.
- Gamida Cell Teva Joint Venture Ltd.
- Genentech, Inc.
- Gentium SpA
- Genzyme Corporation
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Health Research, Inc.
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute
- HistoGenetics, Inc.
- Incyte Corporation
- Jeff Gordon Children's Foundation
- Kiadis Pharma
- Leukemia & Lymphoma Society
- Medac GmbH
- Medical College of Wisconsin
- Merck Co, Inc.
- Millennium: The Takeda Oncology Co.
- Milliman USA, Inc.
- Miltenyi Biotec, Inc.
- National Marrow Donor Program
- Onyx Pharmaceuticals
- Optum Healthcare Solutions, Inc.
- Osiris Therapeutics, Inc.
- Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc.
- Perkin Elmer, Inc.
- Remedy Informatics
- Sanofi US
- Seattle Genetics
- Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals
- Soligenix, Inc.
- St. Baldrick's Foundation
- StemCyte
- A Global Cord Blood Therapeutics Co.
- Stemsoft Software, Inc.
- Swedish Orphan Biovitrum
- Tarix Pharmaceuticals
- TerumoBCT
- Teva Neuroscience, Inc.
- THERAKOS, Inc.
- University of Minnesota
- University of Utah
- Wellpoint, Inc.
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) remains a major therapeutic challenge. We studied outcomes of 1788 AML patients relapsing after alloHCT (1990 to 2010) during first or second complete remission (CR) to identify factors associated with longer postrelapse survival. Median time to post-HCT relapse was 7 months (range, 1 to 177). At relapse, 1231 patients (69%) received intensive therapy, including chemotherapy alone (n = 660), donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) +/- chemotherapy (n = 202), or second alloHCT +/- chemotherapy +/- DLI (n = 369), with subsequent CR rates of 29%. Median follow-up after relapse was 39 months (range, <1 to 193). Survival for all patients was 23% at 1 year after relapse; however, 3-year overall survival correlated with time from HCT to relapse (4% for relapse during the 1- to 6-month period, 12% during the 6-month to 2-year period, 26% during the 2- to 3-year period, and 38% for >= 3 years). In multivariable analysis, lower mortality was significantly associated with longer time from alloHCT to relapse (relative risk, .55 for 6 months to 2 years; relative risk, .39 for 2 to 3 years; and relative risk, .28 for >= 3 years; P < .0001) and a first HCT using reduced-intensity conditioning (relative risk, .77; 95% confidence interval [CI], .66 to .88; P = .0002). In contrast, inferior survival was associated with age >40 years (relative risk, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.64; P < .0001), active graft-versus-host disease at relapse (relative risk, 1.25; 95% Cl, 1.13 to 1.39; P < .0001), adverse cytogenetics (relative risk, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.71; P = .0062), mismatched unrelated donor (relative risk, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.13; P = .0008), and use of cord blood for first HCT (relative risk, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.42; P = .0078). AML relapse after alloHCT predicted poor survival; however, patients who relapsed >= 6 months after their initial alloHCT had better survival and may benefit from intensive therapy, such as second alloHCT +/- DLI. (C) 2015 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.
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