Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 20, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092345
Keywords
Candida; host-pathogen interaction; virulence; biofilm formation; morphology; immune evasion
Funding
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) [PTDC/BBB-BIO/4004/2014, PTDC/BII-BIO/28216/2017]
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences from FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [UID/BIO/04565/2013]
- Programa Operacional Regional de Lisboa 2020 [007317]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PTDC/BII-BIO/28216/2017] Funding Source: FCT
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Candida albicans and Candida glabrata are the two most prevalent etiologic agents of candidiasis worldwide. Although both are recognized as pathogenic, their choice of virulence traits is highly divergent. Indeed, it appears that these different approaches to fungal virulence may be equally successful in causing human candidiasis. In this review, the virulence mechanisms employed by C. albicans and C. glabrata are analyzed, with emphasis on the differences between the two systems. Pathogenesis features considered in this paper include dimorphic growth, secreted enzymes and signaling molecules, and stress resistance mechanisms. The consequences of these traits in tissue invasion, biofilm formation, immune system evasion, and macrophage escape, in a species dependent manner, are discussed. This review highlights the observation that C. albicans and C. glabrata follow different paths leading to a similar outcome. It also highlights the lack of knowledge on some of the specific mechanisms underlying C. glabrata pathogenesis, which deserve future scrutiny.
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