Journal
IMMUNOTHERAPY
Volume 11, Issue 5, Pages 429-441Publisher
FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0110
Keywords
checkpoint inhibitor; clinical efficacy; mechanism of action; PD-1; PD-L1; safety
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81672984]
- National Key Research and Development Plan [2017YFC0907900]
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Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitors are widely used in many types of solid tumors, and are often considered to be in the same immunotherapy subclass. This review explores whether specific agents in these two categories exhibit differences in their mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and clinical efficacy and safety. Due to the complicated functional pathways in the immune checkpoint system, the epitopes, interfaces and signal pathways between PD-1: PD-L1/PD-L2, PD-L1/CD28/CTLA-4: B7-1 axes often overlap and affect each other. Therefore, the mechanisms of action of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors reflect the corresponding cross connectivity and their unique characteristics. Only head-to-head comparative studies can provide definitive information regarding clinical efficacy and safety differences between specific PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
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