Journal
IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY
Volume 97, Issue 7, Pages 647-655Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12278
Keywords
B-cell memory; BCG; memory T cells; trained immunity; tuberculosis
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Funding
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research (CIDRI)-Africa postdoctoral fellowship of the University of Cape Town
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and kills more people annually than any other single infectious agent. Although a vaccine is available, it is only moderately effective and an improved vaccine is urgently needed. The ability to develop a more effective vaccine has been thwarted by a lack of understanding of the mechanism of vaccine-induced immune protection. Over recent decades, many novel TB vaccines have been developed and almost all have aimed to generate memory CD4 T cells. In this review, we critically evaluate evidence in the literature that supports the contention that memory CD4 T cells are the prime mediators of vaccine-induced protection against TB. Because of the lack of robust evidence supporting memory CD4 T cells in this role, the potential for B-cell antibody and trained innate cells as alternative mediators of protective immunity is explored.
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