Journal
IMMUNITY
Volume 50, Issue 5, Pages 1232-+Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.014
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Funding
- Wilhelm-Sander-Foundation
- German Research Foundation (GRF) [SFB 832, BE 4427/3-1]
- GRF [SFB 832, SFB 704, INST 217/576-1, INST 217/577-1]
- LOEWE program from the state of Hesse (Translational Medicine and Pharmacology)
- NHMRC project [339123, 565314]
- Breast Cancer Research Foundation
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Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are important for preventing autoimmunity and maintaining tissue homeostasis, but whether Treg cells can adopt tissue- or immune-context-specific suppressive mechanisms is unclear. Here, we found that the enzyme hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD), which catabolizes prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) into the metabolite 15-keto PGE(2), was highly expressed in Treg cells, particularly those in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma)-induced HPGD expression in VAT Treg cells, and consequential Treg-cell-mediated generation of 15-keto PG E2 suppressed conventional T cell activation and proliferation. Conditional deletion of Hpgd in mouse Treg cells resulted in the accumulation of functionally impaired Treg cells specifically in VAT, causing local inflammation and systemic insulin resistance. Consistent with this mechanism, humans with type 2 diabetes showed decreased HPGD expression in Treg cells. These data indicate that HPGD-mediated suppression is a tissue- and context-dependent suppressive mechanism used by Treg cells to maintain adipose tissue homeostasis.
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