Journal
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 46, Issue 11, Pages 6024-6033Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2019GL082850
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Funding
- U.K. Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) SPITFIRE Doctoral Training Partnership
- CNPq/Brazil PhD scholarship [232792/2014-3]
- Royal Society
- Wolfson Foundation
- NERC ORCHESTRA program [NE/N018095/1]
- NERC [NE/N018095/1, cpom30001, bas0100033, NE/K013181/1, NE/M015238/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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The response of the subpolar Southern Ocean (sSO) to wind forcing is assessed using satellite radar altimetry. sSO sea level exhibits a phased, zonally coherent, bimodal adjustment to circumpolar wind changes, involving comparable seasonal and interannual variations. The adjustment is effected via a quasi-instantaneous exchange of mass between the Antarctic continental shelf and the sSO to the north, and a 2-month-delayed transfer of mass between the wider Southern Ocean and the subtropics. Both adjustment modes are consistent with an Ekman-mediated response to variations in surface stress. Only the fast mode projects significantly onto the surface geostrophic flow of the sSO; thus, the regional circulation varies in phase with the leading edge of sSO sea level variability. The surface forcing of changes in the sSO system is partly associated with variations of surface winds linked to the Southern Annular Mode and is modulated by sea ice cover near Antarctica.
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