A Review of Criteria and Methods for Evaluating the Probiotic Potential of Microorganisms

Probiotics are live organisms that, when consumed in sufficient quantities, confer health benefits to the host. There is global interest in probiotics research; many are isolated from diverse niches and identified in numerous ways. The challenge is selecting the precise range of tests and methods to use. Some tests are argued to be outdated, biased and/or irrelevant. Screening guidelines exist, but at times are not strictly followed. In many countries, firm regulations regarding probiotics declaration and use are nonexistent. Consequently, some organisms are presented as probiotics without strong scientific evidence. This review discusses common screening approaches, their relevance, strengths and weaknesses.