Journal
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
Volume 127, Issue -, Pages 206-217Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.044
Keywords
Cola nitida; SEM-EDX; Neurodegeneration; Nrf2; Type 2 diabetes
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Funding
- Research Office, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Durban
- Grant Support for Young and Women Researchers from the National Research Foundation (NRF), Pretoria, South Africa
- 2017 IBRO-ISN Research Fellowship
- Analytical Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine USA [NCI: P30CA013330, 1S10OD019961-01]
- National Institute of Health (NIH) [R01 ES10563, R01 ES07331, R01 ES020852]
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The therapeutic effect of the hot water infusion of Cola nitida against hyperglycemia-induced neurotoxicity, cerebellar neurodegeneration and elemental deregulations was investigated in fructose-streptozotocin induced rat model of type 2 diabetes (T2D). A diabetic group was administered drinking water, two other diabetic groups were treated with C. nitida at 150 and 300 mg/kg bodyweight respectively, while another group was administered metformin (200 mg/kg bodyweight). Two other groups consisting of normal rats, were administered drinking water and C. nitida (300 mg/kg bodyweight). After 6 weeks of treatment, their brains were collected. Treatment with C. nitida led to suppression of oxidative stress, significantly elevating reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, concomitant with depletion of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Acetylcholinesterase and ATPase activities were significantly inhibited in C. nitida-treated diabetic rats. Histological and microscopic analysis also revealed a restorative effect of C. nitida on T2D-altered distribution of elements, neurons and axonal nodes. Treatment with C. nitida also led to significant inhibition of Nrf2 expression in the cerebellar cortex. These results suggest the therapeutic effects of C. nitida in maintenance of the neuronal integrity and antioxidant status of the brain in T2D. These neuroprotective activities can be attributed to the identified alkaloid, caffeine in the infusion.
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