Journal
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 88, Issue -, Pages 496-507Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.052
Keywords
Radix bupleuri extracts; Hybrid grouper; Steatosis; Lipid emulsion
Funding
- National Key R&D Program of China [2018YFD0900400]
- Guangdong Provincial Oceanic Fisheries Science and Technology Project [A201601C04]
- Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation [2018A030313222, 2016A030313447]
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In this study, two experiments were performed to explore the effect of Radix Bupleuri extracts (RBE) on growth, lipid deposition and metabolism and immune response of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus male x Epinephelus fuscoguttatus female) using in vitro and in viva models. In vitro, we used 2 ml/L 20% lipid emulsion (LE)-induced steatosis in hybrid grouper primary hepatocytes, then RBE (200, 400 and 800 mu g/ml) was added to the hepatocytes after (post-treatment) the incubation with 20% LE (2 ml/L) in the culture medium. We found that RBE markedly increased cell viability, which were consistent with hepatocytes morphological structure examination and lipid metabolism and immune related genes study. The above result suggested that RBE has a protective effect on this model of hepatocytes damage. In vivo, five graded levels of RBE at 0, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg diet were supplemented to a basal diet with 15% lipid levels (high lipid), and fed to a total of 300 hybrid grouper with an average initial weight of 25.58 +/- 0.05 g for 8 weeks. Growth performance, liver histology, plasma biochemical parameters, and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and immune-related were measured. The study indicated that dietary RBE significantly improved growth performance and feed utilization and reduced hepatosomatic index. Dietary supplementation with 200-800 mg/kg RBE diets effectively decreased serum ALP, ALT, AST and LDH contents in fish. Furthermore, adipogenesis relative mRNA levels of DGAT2, G6PD, ME1 and DGK alpha in fish fed 200-400 mg/kg RBE diets were lower (P < 0.05) than in those fed RBEO diets, while dietary supplementation with 200-800 mg/kg RBE diets up-regulated lipolysis-related genes (CPT1, LPL and PPAR alpha) expression in the liver of hybrid grouper. Moreover, dietary RBE down regulated the expression of apoptosis-related genes (caspase-9), up-regulated the expression of antioxidant genes (CAT) and immune-related genes (MHC2, IKK alpha and TGF-beta 1). Thus, our data suggest that RBE suppressed lipid accumulation and enhanced immune capability in hybrid grouper both in vitro and in vivo. These results offer new insight into RBE as a hepatoprotective in fish.
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