Spiking neural P grey wolf optimization system: Novel strategies for solving non-determinism problems

Spiking neural P systems (SN P systems, in short) are the latest branch of membrane computing; inspired by the biological behavior of spiking neurons. They are considered true distributed and parallel systems; modeled to solve time consumption problem and presented the concept of parallelism usage in the computing field. This paper proposes novel strategies for solving non-determinism problem of SN P systems. The proposed algorithm relies on the parallelism feature to simulate the social hierarchy, tracking, encircling, and attacking behaviors in the grey wolf optimizer. It is modeled by collaboration between a set of SN P systems to get a feasible solution in polynomial time. Moreover, a new method named the power of signal is proposed to control the copying spikes process between neurons and differentiate between the arithmetic operations. Additionally, a time control approach is proposed to avoid non-determinism inside neurons that applied the determinism feature during firing rules. The theoretical and empirical experiments proved that the algorithm can successfully halt and in addition to the effectiveness of the proposed neural systems in getting an optimal solution in a reasonable time. As a result, this study is counted as a significant advancement in intelligent and optimization systems, whereas it has a direct impact on enhancing the performance of these systems and their applications. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.