Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Volume 253, Issue -, Pages 899-908Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.110
Keywords
Birds; Triphenyl phosphate; Thyroid function; Metabolic rate; Growth
Categories
Funding
- Chemicals Management Plan
- Fonds de recherche: Nature et technologies Quebec
- United States Geological Survey Contaminant Biology Program
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Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP; CAS # 115-86-6), a commonly used plasticizer and flame retardant, has been reported in wild birds and identified as a potential high-risk chemical. We exposed Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) by in ovo injection, and once hatched, orally each day for 5 days to safflower oil (controls) or TPHP dissolved in vehicle at low (5 ng TPHP/g), mid (50 ng TPHP/g), or high (100 ng TPHP/g) nominal TPHP doses. The low TPHP dose reflected concentrations in wild bird eggs, with mid and high doses 10x and 20x greater to reflect potential increases in environmental TPHP concentrations in the future. Despite no effects on mRNA expression in thyroid-related genes, TPHP exposure enhanced thyroid gland structure in high TPHP males, but in females, suppressed thyroid gland structure and activity (all TPHP females), and circulating free triiodothyronine (high TPHP females only). Consistent with thyroidal changes, and compared to controls, mid and high TPHP chicks experienced significantly reduced resting metabolic rate (<= 13%) and growth (<= 53%); mid TPHP males and high TPHP females were significantly smaller. The observed thyroidal effects and suppressed growth and metabolic rate of the quail chicks suggest that TPHP may adversely affect the health of wild birds. Crown Copyright (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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