Journal
ENGINEERING IN LIFE SCIENCES
Volume 19, Issue 12, Pages 872-879Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900024
Keywords
cell cultures; epigenetic; methylation; natural products; plant biofactories
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Funding
- Spanish MEIC (AEI/ FEDER, UE) [BIO2017-82374-R]
- Generalitat de Catalunya [2017SGR242]
- University Pompeu Fabra
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Plant cell biofactories offer great advantages for the production of plant compounds of interest, although certain limitations still need to be overcome before their maximum potential is reached. One obstacle is the gradual loss of secondary metabolite production during in vitro culture maintenance, which is an important impediment in the development of large-scale production systems. The relationship between in vitro maintenance and epigenetic changes has been demonstrated in several plant species; in particular, methylation levels have been found to increase in in vitro cultures over time. Higher DNA methylation levels have been correlated with a low yield of secondary metabolites in in vitro plant cell cultures. The longer the period of subculturing, the more methylated cytosines were found throughout the genome, and secondary metabolism decreased significantly. This review summarizes different studies on epigenetic changes during the maintenance of in vitro cell cultures and the insights they provide on the mechanisms involved. It concludes by looking at the perspectives for new approaches designed to avoid declines in metabolite production.
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