Journal
ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
Volume 42, Issue 16, Pages 2006-2017Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/15567036.2019.1607923
Keywords
Cyclohexanol; diesel engine; emissions; high carbon alcohols; optimization
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This study uses cyclohexanol - a high-carbon, cyclic bio-alcohol which is a derivative of lignocellulosic biomass - in blended form with diesel to power a direct-injection single-cylinder diesel engine that is widely used in Indian agricultural sector. Experiments were conducted at the engine's rated load using the blend composition of cyclohexanol in diesel (10%, 20% and 30% by vol.), EGR (10%, 15%, and 20%) and injection timing (19 degrees, 21 degrees and 23 degrees CA bTDC) as controllable factors. The optimization criterion is to minimize smoke, NOx emissions, and BSFC. Response surface methodology coupled with desirability approach was used to predict and optimize NOx, smoke opacity and BSFC measured from the experiments. The top solutions predicted by desirability approach were validated by confirmatory experiments and were found to describe the experimental data to a reasonable accuracy of within 4%. With reference to diesel operation, it was found that 10% by vol. of cyclohexanol/diesel blend injected at 21 degrees CA bTDC and 10% EGR reduced NOx (43.1%Down-pointing Triangle) and smoke opacity (32.4%Down-pointing Triangle) with an increase in BSFC (4%). Cyclohexanol/diesel blend at optimum conditions delivered better smoke reduction but with higher NOx and slight increase in BSFC Cyclohexanol/diesel blends can be recommended as a full-time fuel to substitute diesel subject to long-term durability tests in diesel engines.
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