Journal
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
Volume 187, Issue -, Pages 122-132Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2019.03.014
Keywords
Renewable energy; Thermoeconomic optimization; CHP; Levelized cost; costing methods; Low-temperature geothermal energy
Categories
Funding
- [1510829]
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In this paper, several cost metrics for application to a combined heat-and-power plant fueled by a zero-marginal cost energy source are studied. The mature levelized cost concepts are extended with some novel metrics such as the levelized cost of exergy. The results are given for a geothermal combined heat-and-power plant, connected to two different types of district heating systems and for two scenarios for the heat and electricity prices (high and low). For a low price scenario, the conventional costing method based on two separate prices for electrical and thermal energy is the most appropriate. Also for a high price scenario, the conventional costing method is the most appropriate for heat demands at low temperature. However, for higher-temperature heat demands, the exergy costing method results in the highest revenues for the combined heat-and-power plant. The authors recommend the use of the novel levelized cost of exergy metric as different types of energy are priced with a single value. Depending on the amount of energy and the usefulness of the energy type, an appropriate cost can be allocated to each product of a multi-energy system.
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