Outcomes and Management Strategies for Capsule Retention: A Korean Capsule Endoscopy Nationwide Database Registry Study

Background The most concerning complication of capsule endoscopy (CE) is capsule retention ( CR) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract; however, the clinical outcomes and management of patients with CR are still uncertain. Aims This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes and management of CR. Methods The outcomes of CR in multiple centers between October 2002 and June 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Data on CE indication, findings, and management details were analyzed. Results A total of 2705 consecutive small-bowel CE procedures were performed. CR was detected in 20 cases (0.7%). The most common site of CR was the small bowel (19 cases), followed by the esophagus (one case). In patients who underwent CE, CR was detected in nine (0.6%) of 1397 patients with obscure GI bleeding. Further, CR occurred in 11 (6.5%) of 169 patients with Crohn's disease based on the final diagnoses after CE. Capsule retrieval was safely performed surgically in nine cases and endoscopically in six cases. The retained capsules dislodged after steroid treatment in two cases, whereas three cases of CR resolved without any intervention. In multivariate analysis, the development of abdominal symptoms after CR was a significant predictive factor for requiring endoscopic or surgical interventions for capsule extraction. Conclusions This large multicenter study shows that CR is a rare complication with favorable clinical outcomes. Three-fourths of the patients with CR were managed with endoscopic or surgical intervention, which was required particularly in patients with abdominal symptoms after CR.