One-year results of a nonsurgical treatment protocol for peri-implantitis. A retrospective case series

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the clinical outcomes of a nonsurgical treatment protocol for peri-implantitis and to evaluate the influence that some factors could have on the results of this treatment. Material and methods In this retrospective case series, patients with at least one implant with peri-implantitis, treated with a nonsurgical protocol and with a one-year follow-up, were included. Clinical parameters (probing depth, recession, bleeding, and/or suppuration on probing) were collected at baseline, 6 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months. Radiographic bone levels were assessed in periapical radiographs taken at baseline and 12 months. An analysis of the factors significantly associated with marginal bone level changes was performed. Descriptive and analytic statistics were carried out at the patient and at the implant level, as well as a multiple linear regression analysis. Results Data from 37 patients with 70 implants were analyzed. There was a general and consistent improvement from baseline compared to all follow-up points in the clinical variables. A significant radiographic bone gain of 0.91 mm was observed. The factors significantly associated were baseline plaque index, sex, and age at patient level, and type of prosthesis and implant location at implant level. Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, this nonsurgical treatment protocol might be considered as a first treatment option for peri-implantitis. More studies are needed, with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups, to confirm these outcomes and their long-term stability.