Journal
CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL METASTASIS
Volume 36, Issue 3, Pages 211-224Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-09967-0
Keywords
Epigenetic; Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase; Phosphohexose isomerase; Glutaminase; ATP citrate lyase
Categories
Funding
- Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs, through the Breast Cancer Research Program [W81XWH-16-1-0559]
- [T32 CA119925]
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Metabolic alterations are established as a hallmark of cancer. Such hallmark changes in cancer metabolism are characterized by reprogramming of energy-producing pathways and increases in the generation of biosynthetic intermediates to meet the needs of rapidly proliferating tumor cells. Various metabolic phenotypes such as aerobic glycolysis, increased glutamine consumption, and lipolysis have also been associated with the process of metastasis. However, in addition to the energy and biosynthetic alterations, a number of secondary functions of enzymes and metabolites are emerging that specifically contribute to metastasis. Here, we describe atypical intracellular roles of metabolic enzymes, extracellular functions of metabolic enzymes, roles of metabolites as signaling molecules, and epigenetic regulation mediated by altered metabolism, all of which can affect metastatic progression. We highlight how some of these mechanisms are already being exploited for therapeutic purposes, and discuss how others show similar potential.
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