Hazardous ecotoxicological impact of two commonly used nitrofuran-derived antibacterial drugs: Furazolidone and nitrofurantoin

This paper discusses the impact of two nitrofuran-derived drugs, namely furazolidone and nitrofurantoin on growth of oat and common radish as well as their impact on bacteria Allivibrio fischeri and crustaceans Heterocypris incongruens. Results indicated that both compounds were highly phytotoxic for radish (R. sativus) being simultaneously nearly not harmful for oat (A. sativa). Growing inhibition of shoots, roots, fresh matter and photosynthetic pigments is correlated with growing concentration of drugs in soil. Ecotoxicological impact of both compounds on model luminescence bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri and freshwater crustaceans Heterocypris incongruens as a representative organisms of two different level of food chain, is also reported herein, and the obtained data show significant toxicity against these two organisms. Basing on obtained results, it was concluded that both nitrofuran drugs in case of distribution through environment, by improper utilisation after use or unplanned environmental intoxication with unused drugs may cause serious environmental problems and therefore both should be handled with a reasonable care at any step of their production or utilisation. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.