Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 223, Issue -, Pages 188-195Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.066
Keywords
Mechanochemical degradation (MCD); Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash; Milling additives; Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and -furans (PCDF); Planetary ball mill; Horizontal ball mill
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51676172]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2017YFC0703100]
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Two distinct mechanochemical degradation (MCD) methods are adopted to eliminate the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/Fs) from fly ash in municipal solid waste incinerators. First, experiments are conducted in a planetary ball mill for selecting suitable additives, and an additive system of SiO2-Al is chosen for its high-efficiency, low-price, and good practicability. The I-TEQ value of PCDD/Fs in washed fly ash decreases dramatically from 6.75 to 0.64 ng I-TEQ/g, after 14 h of milling with 10 wt % SiO2-Al, and dechlorination is identified as the major degradation pathway. Then, this additive is applied in a horizontal ball mill, and the results indicate that the degradation of PCDD/Fs follows the kinetic model established in planetary ball mills. However, longer milling time is required for the same supplied-energy because of the lower energy density of horizontal ball mills, resulting in partial loss of Al reactivity and a lower degradation efficiency of PCDD/Fs. During MCD, the evolution of PCDD/F-signatures is analogous, indicating a similar acting mechanism of all additives in both the two milling systems. Finally, a major dechlorination pathway of PCDD-congeners is proposed based on the signature analysis of congeners synthesized from chlorophenols. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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