Journal
ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Volume 45, Issue 2, Pages 452-463Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1618-2
Keywords
Shear stress; Superhydrophobic; Thrombosis; Turbulence; Blood; Bileaflet mechanical heart valve
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01HL119824, F32HL129730]
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In this study, we explore how blood-material interactions and hemodynamics are impacted by rendering a clinical quality 25 mm St. Jude Medical Bileaflet mechanical heart valve (BMHV) superhydrophobic (SH) with the aim of reducing thrombo-embolic complications associated with BMHVs. Basic cell adhesion is evaluated to assess blood-material interactions, while hemodynamic performance is analyzed with and without the SH coating. Results show that a SH coating with a receding contact angle (CA) of 160A degrees strikingly eliminates platelet and leukocyte adhesion to the surface. Alternatively, many platelets attach to and activate on pyrolytic carbon (receding CA = 47), the base material for BMHVs. We further show that the performance index increases by 2.5% for coated valve relative to an uncoated valve, with a maximum possible improved performance of 5%. Both valves exhibit instantaneous shear stress below 10 N/m(2) and Reynolds Shear Stress below 100 N/m(2). Therefore, a SH BMHV has the potential to relax the requirement for antiplatelet and anticoagulant drug regimens typically required for patients receiving MHVs by minimizing blood-material interactions, while having a minimal impact on hemodynamics. We show for the first time that SH-coated surfaces may be a promising direction to minimize thrombotic complications in complex devices such as heart valves.
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