Journal
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
Volume 31, Issue 8, Pages 2971-2982Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b00528
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Funding
- Office of Naval Research [N00014-16-1-2165, N00014-18-1-2222]
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-18-1-0184]
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The unique ability of combined ionic and electronic transport in conjugated, semiconducting polymers has resulted in the emergence of a variety of redox-based technologies ranging from energy storage and conversion, to bioelectronics, to on-demand color control. Although conjugated polymers have been extensively studied for decades, the recent revival of organic bioelectronics, in particular, has demonstrated that there needs to be a better understanding of the interplay between mixed ion and electron transport and the underlying film morphology. Many of the conjugated polymers that are effectively doped electrochemically and that exhibit a combination of high capacitance, fast and reversible redox switching, and exceptional stability lack long-range order making it more challenging to evaluate how the morphology evolves as a function of oxidation state. Here, we demonstrate how readily accessible electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques can offer a great deal of insight into ion and electron transport in redox-active conjugated polymers regardless of their degree of order. Furthermore, we show how numerous redox properties, including onset of oxidation, capacitance, and conductance profile, of five dioxythiophene-based copolymers can be manipulated by the size and polarity of the functional groups that are incorporated to provide solution processability.
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