Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway-Related Proteins (DKK-3, β-Catenin, and c-MYC) Are Involved in Prognosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway is one of the highly conserved signaling pathway widely reported to play essential roles in the development of various tumors and human cancers, thus serving as a potential target for anticancer therapy. However, the specific effects of the related proteins in the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) still remain elusive. Thus, this study was performed to uncover the correlation between the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins and the clinical characteristics and prognosis of NPC. NPC tissues were revealed to present high expression of beta-catenin and v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (c-MYC) but low expression of Dickkopf-3 (DKK-3). Immunohistochemical staining revealed that DKK-3 was positively linked to but beta-catenin and c-MYC were negatively linked to differentiation, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and lymph node metastasis of patients with NPC. In addition, c-MYC was identified to be positively correlated to DKK-3 in NPC tissues. The positive expression of beta-catenin and c-MYC had negative relations with and that of DKK-3 had positive relations with survival rate of patients with NPC, which was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Moreover, it was shown that later TNM stage and positive expression of beta-catenin were risk factors for NPC-related death. These findings provide evidence that the proteins related to the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway (DKK-3, beta-catenin, and c-MYC) participate in the development of NPC and positive expression of DKK-3 and negative expression of beta-catenin, and c-MYC can serve as essential prognostic biomarkers, shedding new light on the prognosis and treatment of NPC.