Journal
BMC MEDICINE
Volume 17, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1312-y
Keywords
Mental health; Depression; Ultra-processed food; Prospective cohort
Categories
Funding
- Ministere de la Sante
- Sante publique France (SPF)
- Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (FRM)
- Institut de Recherche en Sante Publique (IRESP)
- Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer
- Region Ile-de-France (CORD-DIM)
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers (CNAM)
- Universite Paris 13
- INRA in the INNOV project
- Ecole Doctorale Galilee, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cite
- French National Cancer Institute INCa
- Fondation de France foundation
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Background: Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has increased over the last decades in Westernized countries. Our objective was to investigate for the first time the association between the proportion of UPF (%UPF) in the diet and incident depressive symptoms in the NutriNet-Sante cohort. Methods: The sample included 20,380 women and 6350 men (aged 18-86 years) without depressive symptoms at the first Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) measurement, using validated cut-offs (CES-D score >= 17 for men and >= 23 for women). The proportion of UPF in the diet was computed for each subject using the NOVA classification applied to dietary intakes collected by repeated 24-h records (mean = 8; SD = 2.3). The association between UPF and depressive symptoms was evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Over a mean follow-up of 5.4 years, 2221 incident cases of depressive symptoms were identified. After accounting for a wide range of potential confounders, an increased risk of depressive symptoms was observed with an increased %UPF in the diet. In the main model adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, body mass index, and lifestyle factors, the estimated hazard ratio for a 10% increase in UPF was 1.21 (95% confidence interval = 1.15-1.27). Considering %UPF in food groups, the association was significant only for beverages and sauces or added fats. Conclusion: Overall, UPF consumption was positively associated with the risk of incident depressive symptoms, suggesting that accounting for this non-nutritional aspect of the diet could be important for mental health promotion.
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