Journal
AUTISM RESEARCH
Volume 12, Issue 8, Pages 1225-1235Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/aur.2136
Keywords
minimally verbal; non-verbal children; autism spectrum disorder; magnetoencephalography; vowel mismatch fields; language and communication skill
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Funding
- NICHD NIH HHS [U54 HD086984, R01 HD093776, R01 HD073258] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDCD NIH HHS [R01 DC008871] Funding Source: Medline
- NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH107506] Funding Source: Medline
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Abnormal auditory discrimination neural processes, indexed by mismatch fields (MMFs) recorded by magnetoencephalography (MEG), have been reported in verbal children with ASD. Association with clinical measures indicates that delayed MMF components are associated with poorer language and communication performance. At present, little is known about neural correlates of language and communication skills in extremely language impaired (minimally-verbal/non-verbal) children who have ASD: ASD-MVNV. It is hypothesized that MMF delays observed in language-impaired but nonetheless verbal children with ASD will be exacerbated in ASD-MVNV. The present study investigated this hypothesis, examining MMF responses bilaterally during an auditory oddball paradigm with vowel stimuli in ASD-MVNV, in a verbal ASD cohort without cognitive impairment and in typically developing (TD) children. The verbal ASD cohort without cognitive impairment was split into those demonstrating considerable language impairment (CELF core language index <85; ASD-LI) versus those with less or no language impairment (CELF CLI >85; ASD-V). Eighty-four participants (8-12 years) were included in final analysis: ASD-MVNV: n = 9, 9.67 +/- 1.41 years, ASD: n = 48, (ASD-V: n = 27, 10.55 +/- 1.21 years, ASD-LI: n = 21, 10.67 +/- 1.20 years) and TD: n = 27, 10.14 +/- 1.38 years. Delayed MMF latencies were found bilaterally in ASD-MVNV compared to verbal ASD (both ASD-V and ASD-LI) and TD children. Delayed MMF responses were associated with diminished language and communication skills. Furthermore, whereas the TD children showed leftward lateralization of MMF amplitude, ASD-MVNV and verbal ASD (ASD-V and ASD-LI) showed abnormal rightward lateralization. Findings suggest delayed auditory discrimination processes and abnormal rightward laterality as objective markers of language/communication skills in both verbal and MVNV children who have ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1225-1235. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Brain imaging showed abnormal auditory discrimination processes in minimally-verbal/non-verbal children (MVNV) who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Delays in auditory discrimination were associated with impaired language and communication skills. Findings suggest these auditory neural measures may be objective markers of language and communication skills in both verbal and, previously-understudied, MVNV children who have ASD.
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